The Other Way, Truth, Life, in the human dimension

(Jn 14:6-14)

Divine hands have wounds of love, they are not claws. They tread the alternative «way» of work, of building and welcoming; a truly special, disinterested, unreflected trajectory.

Hands marked by what one wishes for the world: open, not clenched into a fist - if anything, with that gentle grip that says: «I am with You».

They accompany «the way» that makes the weak become strong. «Way» that expands our horizon to conquer the land of Freedom.

He is «the Truth». We know what happens to news when it passes from mouth to mouth: it becomes defaced.

But united with the True Person - intertwined with his story - we encounter ourselves, we know the divine ‘Fidelity’ [‘Truth’], we choose substance instead of conventional, conformist or volatile ideas (we would become external).

«I Am the Life». The Father expands and enhances inclinations, our existential reaching; He does not vampirize us as if He were the one who needs something.

He is the Totality of Being, and Source in action; springing of particular essences.

His Calling is Seed; a Root that characterizes and expands Life, making it singular, more distinctive; unique, unrepeatable; meaningful and relational.

To build an alternative society capable of creating well-being: smiles and amazement flowing out, cheering everyone up.

«Let us see the Father» (cf. vv.8-9) is the plea - often anonymous - that from the very beginning has accompanied the believers’ People, who spontaneously reveal their Lord as the Way, the Truth and the Life (v.6).

And the Church that reflects Christ is the ‘outgoing’ one, which does not become complacent about its static goals, but moves [precisely: «Way»] from Exodus to Exodus, to improve itself before correcting others.

The assembly of sons is therefore not afraid of becoming impure by frequenting the cultural and existential peripheries, because it has understood the authentic face of God.

Father, Mother, deep Core, Friend.

«Faithful» [«Truth», in the theological sense] who is not afraid to mix with earthly affairs.

He does not flee the critical scrutiny; nor does he abandon those who stray, or those who cannot bear conformist obligations, or who find themselves in penury.

Authentic community is capable of coexistence and reciprocity: that of «the Life» which shows Father and Son in act [Initiative and Correspondence].

In the Spirit, such a Family recovers each person's journey and restores wholeness, fullness of being without boundaries, even to those who have lost hope or self-esteem.

Difference with ancient religion? The Eternal is no longer revealed in the awesome power of sensational outward manifestations: fire, earthquake, thunders and lightnings.

God is not the preserve of those who show great energy.

In the hearths of Faith, the Person of Christ is made present in his being, in his troubled and real life [«in the Name»: vv.13-14].

It is in such a people that God dreams an immediate reflection of ideas, words, works; and mutual immanence.

For the efficacious event of the Father is all in the flesh of the Son. Their Dream, in the human dimension of believers.

[Saturday 4th wk. in Easter, May 17, 2025]

Dear Brothers and Sisters,

In the Constitution on Divine Revelation, Dei Verbum, the Second Vatican Council states that the intimate truth of the whole Revelation of God shines forth for us “in Christ, who is himself both the mediator and the sum total of Revelation” (n. 2). The Old Testament tells us that after the Creation — in spite of original sin, in spite of man’s arrogance in wishing to put himself in his Creator’s place — God once again offers us the possibility of his friendship, especially through the Covenant with Abraham and the journey of a small people, the People of Israel. He did not choose this people with the criteria of earthly power but simply out of love. It was a choice that remains a mystery and reveals the style of God who calls some, not in order to exclude the others, but so that they may serve as a bridge that leads to him. A choice is always a choice for the other. In the history of the People of Israel we can retrace the stages of a long journey during which God made himself known, revealed himself, and entered history with words and actions. In order to do this he used mediators, such as Moses, the Prophets and the Judges, who communicated his will to the people, reminding them of the requirement of faithfulness to the Covenant and keeping alive their expectation of the complete and definitive fulfilment of the divine promises.

At Holy Christmas we contemplated the realization of these very promises: the Revelation of God reaching its culmination, its fullness. In Jesus of Nazareth God really visited his people, he visited humanity in a manner that surpassed every expectation: he sent his Only-Begotten Son: God himself became man. Jesus does not tell us something about God, he does not merely speak of the Father but is the Revelation of God, because he is God and thus reveals the face of God. In the Prologue to his Gospel St John wrote: “no one has ever seen God; the only Son, who is in the bosom of the Father, he has made him known” (Jn 1:18).

I would like to dwell on the phrase: “reveals God’s face”. In this regard St John, in his Gospel, records for us a significant event that we have just heard. When he was approaching the Passion, Jesus reassured his disciples, asking them not to be afraid and to have faith; he then begins a conversation with them in which he talks about God the Father (cf. Jn 14:2-9). At a certain point the Apostle Philip asked Jesus: “Lord, show us the Father, and we shall be satisfied” (Jn 14:8). Philip was very practical and prosaic, he even said what we ourselves would like to say: “we want to see him, show us the Father”, he asks to “see” the Father, to see his face. Jesus’ answer is a reply not only to Philip but also to us and it ushers us into the heart of Christological faith; the Lord affirmed: “he who has seen me has seen the Father” (Jn 14:9). These words sum up the newness of the New Testament, that newness which appeared in the Bethlehem Grotto: God can be seen, God has shown his face, he is visible in Jesus Christ.

The theme of the “quest for God’s face”, the desire to know this face, the desire to see God as he is, is clearly present throughout the Old Testament, to the extent that the Hebrew term pānîm, which means “face”, recurs 400 times, and refers to God 100 times. One hundred times it refers to God: to the wish to see God’s face is expressed 100 times. Yet the Jewish religion absolutely forbids images, for God cannot be portrayed as, on the contrary, he was portrayed by the neighbouring peoples who worshipped idols; therefore with this prohibition of images the Old Testament seems totally to exclude any “seeing” from worship and from devotion. Yet what did seeking God’s face mean to the devout Israelite, who knew that there could be no depiction of it? The question is important: there was a wish on the one hand to say that God cannot be reduced to an object, like an image that can be held in the hand, nor can anything be put in God’s place; on the other, it was affirmed that God has a face — meaning he is a “you” who can enter into a relationship — and who has not withdrawn into his heavenly dwelling place, looking down at humanity from on high. God is certainly above all things, but he addresses us, he listens to us, he sees us, he speaks to us, he makes a covenant, he is capable of love. The history of salvation is the history of God with humanity, it is the history of this relationship of God who gradually reveals himself to man, who makes himself, his face, known.

At the very beginning of the year, on 1 January, we heard in the liturgy the most beautiful prayer of blessing upon the people: “May the Lord Bless you and keep you. May the Lord make his face shine on you, and be gracious to you. May the Lord uncover his face to you and bring you peace (Num 6:24-26). The splendour of the divine face is the source of life, it is what makes it possible to see reality; the light of his face is guidance for life. In the Old Testament there is a figure with whom the theme of “the face of God” is connected in a special way: Moses. The man whom God chose to set his people free from slavery in Egypt, giving him the Law of the Covenant and leading him to the Promised Land. Well, in Chapter 33 of the Book of Exodus it says that Moses had a close and confidential relationship with God: “The Lord used to speak to Moses face to face, as a man speaks to his friend” (v. 11). By virtue of this trust, Moses was able to ask God: “show me your glory”, and God’s response was clear: “I will make all my goodness pass before you, and will proclaim before you my name”…. But he said “you cannot see my face; for man shall not see me and live.… There is a place by me.... You shall see my back; but my face shall not be seen” (vv. 18-23). Thus on the one hand there was the face-to-face conversation as between friends, but on the other, the impossibility in this life of seeing the face of God which remained hidden; sight is restricted. The Fathers said that these words, “you shall see my back”, meant you can only follow Christ and in following him you see the mystery of God from behind; God can be followed by seeing his back.

Something completely new happened, however, with the Incarnation. The search for God’s face was given an unimaginable turning-point, because this time this face could be seen: it is the face of Jesus, of the Son of God who became man. In him the process of the Revelation of God, which began with Abraham’s call, finds fulfilment in the One who is the fullness of this Revelation, because he is the Son of God, he is both “the mediator and the sum total of Revelation” (Dogmatic Constitution Dei Verbum, n. 2), the content of Revelation and the Revealer coincide in him. Jesus shows us God’s face and makes God’s name known to us. In the Priestly Prayer at the Last Supper he says to the Father: “I have manifested your name to the men... I made known to them your name” (cf. Jn 17:6; 6, 26). The phrase: “name of God”, means God as the One who is present among men and women. God had revealed his name to Moses by the burning bush, that is, he had made it possible to call on him, had given a tangible sign of his “being” among human beings. All this found fulfilment and completion in Jesus: he inaugurated God’s presence in history in a new way, because whoever sees him, sees the Father, as he said to Philip (cf. Jn 14:9). Christianity, St Bernard said, is the “religion of God’s word”; yet “not a written and mute word, but an incarnate and living” (Homilia Super Missus Est, 4, 11: pl 183, 86b). In the patristic and medieval tradition a special formula is used to express this reality: it says that Jesus is the Verbum abbreviatum (cf. Rom 9:28, with a reference to Is 10:23), the abbreviated Word, the short and essential Word of the Father who has told us all about him. In Jesus the whole Word is present.

In Jesus too the mediation between God and man attains fulfilment. In the Old Testament there is an array of figures who carried out this role, in particular Moses, the deliverer, the guide, the “mediator” of the Covenant, as he is defined in the New Testament (cf. Gal 3:19; Acts 7:35; Jn 1:17). Jesus, true God and true man, is not simply one of the mediators between God and man but rather “the mediator” of the new and eternal Covenant (cf. Heb 8:6; 9:15; 12:24); “for there is one God”, Paul says, “and there is one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus” (1 Tim 2:5 cf. Gal 3:19-20). In him we see and encounter the Father; in him we can call upon God with the name of “Abba, Father”; in him we are given salvation.

The desire to know God truly, that is, to see God’s face, is innate in every human being, even in atheists. And perhaps we unconsciously have this wish simply to see who he is, what he is, who he is for us. However this desire is fulfilled in following Christ, in this way we see his back and, in the end, we see God too as a friend, in Christ’s face we see his face. The important thing is that we not only follow Christ in our needy moments or when we find a slot in our daily occupations, but in our life as such. The whole of our life must be oriented to meeting Jesus Christ, to loving him; and, in our life we must allocate a central place to loving our neighbour, that love which, in the light of the Crucified One, enables us to recognize the face of Jesus in the poor, in the weak and in the suffering. This is only possible if the true face of Jesus has become familiar to us through listening to his word, in an inner conversation with him, in entering this word so that we truly meet him, and of course, in the Mystery of the Eucharist. In the Gospel of St Luke the passage about the two disciples of Emmaus recognize Jesus in the breaking of bread is important; prepared by the journey with him, by the invitation to stay with them that they had addressed to him and by the conversation that made their hearts burn within them, in the end they saw Jesus. For us too the Eucharist is the great school in which we learn to see God’s face, we enter into a close relationship with him; and at the same time we learn to turn our gaze to the final moment of history when he will satisfy us with the light of his face. On earth when we are walking towards this fullness, in the joyful expectation that the Kingdom of God will really be brought about. Thank you.

[Pope Benedict, General Audience 16 January 2013]

1. The Revelation of Mercy

It is "God, who is rich in mercy" 1 whom Jesus Christ has revealed to us as Father: it is His very Son who, in Himself, has manifested Him and made Him known to us.2 Memorable in this regard is the moment when Philip, one of the twelve Apostles, turned to Christ and said: "Lord, show us the Father, and we shall be satisfied"; and Jesus replied: "Have I been with you so long, and yet you do not know me...? He who has seen me has seen the Father."3 These words were spoken during the farewell discourse at the end of the paschal supper, which was followed by the events of those holy days during which confirmation was to be given once and for all of the fact that "God, who is rich in mercy, out of the great love with which he loved us, even when we were dead through our trespasses, made us alive together with Christ."4

Following the teaching of the Second Vatican Council and paying close attention to the special needs of our times, I devoted the encyclical Redemptor hominis to the truth about man, a truth that is revealed to us in its fullness and depth in Christ. A no less important need in these critical and difficult times impels me to draw attention once again in Christ to the countenance of the "Father of mercies and God of all comfort."5 We read in the Constitution Gaudium et spes: "Christ the new Adam...fully reveals man to himself and brings to light his lofty calling," and does it "in the very revelation of the mystery of the Father and of his love."6 The words that I have quoted are clear testimony to the fact that man cannot be manifested in the full dignity of his nature without reference - not only on the level of concepts but also in an integrally existential way - to God. Man and man's lofty calling are revealed in Christ through the revelation of the mystery of the Father and His love.

For this reason it is now fitting to reflect on this mystery. It is called for by the varied experiences of the Church and of contemporary man. It is also demanded by the pleas of many human hearts, their sufferings and hopes, their anxieties and expectations. While it is true that every individual human being is, as I said in my encyclical Redemptor hominis, the way for the Church, at the same time the Gospel and the whole of Tradition constantly show us that we must travel this day with every individual just as Christ traced it out by revealing in Himself the Father and His love.7 In Jesus Christ, every path to man, as it has been assigned once and for all to the Church in the changing context of the times, is simultaneously an approach to the Father and His love. The Second Vatican Council has confirmed this truth for our time.

The more the Church's mission is centered upon man-the more it is, so to speak, anthropocentric-the more it must be confirmed and actualized theocentrically, that is to say, be directed in Jesus Christ to the Father. While the various currents of human thought both in the past and at the present have tended and still tend to separate theocentrism and anthropocentrism, and even to set them in opposition to each other, the Church, following Christ, seeks to link them up in human history, in a deep and organic way. And this is also one of the basic principles, perhaps the most important one, of the teaching of the last Council. Since, therefore, in the present phase of the Church's history we put before ourselves as our primary task the implementation of the doctrine of the great Council, we must act upon this principle with faith, with an open mind and with all our heart. In the encyclical already referred to, I have tried to show that the deepening and the many-faceted enrichment of the Church's consciousness resulting from the Council must open our minds and our hearts more widely to Christ. Today I wish to say that openness to Christ, who as the Redeemer of the world fully reveals man himself," can only be achieved through an ever more mature reference to the Father and His love.

[Dives in Misericordia]

In this passage of the Gospel (see Jn 14:1-14), Jesus’s farewell discourse, Jesus says that He is going to the Father. And He says that He will be with the Father, and that also those who believe in Him “will do the works I have been doing, and they will do even greater things than these, because I am going to the Father. And I will do whatever you ask in my name, so that the Father may be glorified in the Son. You may ask me anything in my name, and I will do it” (vv. 12-14). We can say that this passage of the Gospel of John is the declaration of ascent to the Father.

The Father was always present in Jesus's life , and Jesus spoke about Him. Jesus prayed to the Father. And many times, He spoke about the Father who cares for us, as He cares for the birds, the lilies of the field… the Father. And when the disciples asked to learn how to pray, Jesus taught them to pray to the Father: “Our Father” (Mt 6:9). He always addresses the Father. But in this passage it is very strong; it is also as if He opened the doors of the omnipotence of prayer. “Because I am with the Father: ask me and I will do anything. Because the Father will do it with me” (see Jn 14:11). This trust in the Father, trust in the Father who is capable of doing everything, This courage to pray, because it takes courage to pray! It takes the same courage, the same boldness it takes to preach: the same. Let us think of our father Abraham, when he - I think the right word is - “negotiated” with God to save Sodom (see Gen 18:20-33: “And if there were fewer? And fewer? And fewer…? He truly knew how to negotiate. But always with this courage: “Excuse me, Lord, but give me a discount: a bit less, a bit less…”. Always the courage of struggling in prayer, because praying is struggling: struggling with God. And then, Moses: the two occasions that the Lord wanted to destroy the people (see Ex 32:1-35 and Nm 11:1-3), and to make him the leader of another people, Moses said “No!”. And he said “No” to the Father! With courage! But if you go and pray like this [whispers a timid prayer] - this is a lack of respect! Praying is going with Jesus to the Father who will give you everything. Courage in prayer, boldness in prayer. The same that it takes to preach.

And we have heard in the first Reading about that conflict in the early times of the Church (see Acts 6:1-7), because the Christians of Greek origin were grumbling, complaining - they were already doing it back then: it is obvious that it is one of the Church's habits - they were complaining that their widows, their orphans were not well cared for; the apostles did not have the time to do many things. And Peter [with the apostles], enlightened by the Holy Spirit, “invented”, let’s put it that way, the deacons. “Let’s do something: let’s look for seven people who are good and these men can take care of the service” (see Acts 6:2-4). The deacon is the one who takes care of service, in the Church. “And so these people, who are right to complain, have their needs taken care of, and we”, Peter says, we heard him, “and we can devote ourselves to prayer and the proclamation of the Word” (see v. 5). This is the bishop's task: praying and preaching. With this power that we heard in the Gospel: the bishop is the first who goes to the Father, with the trust that Jesus gave him, with courage, with parrhesia, to fight for his people. The first task of a bishop is to pray. Peter said so: “And to us, prayer and the proclamation of the Gospel”.

I knew a priest, a holy parish priest, good, who when he found a bishop, greeted him well, very amiably, and always asked the question: “Your Excellency, how many hours a day do you pray?”, and he always said, “Because your first task is to pray”. Because it is the prayer of the head of the community, interceding to the Father so that He may safeguard the people.

The prayer of the bishop, the first task: to pray. And the people, seeing the bishop pray, learn to pray. Because the Holy Spirit teaches us that it is God who does things. We do very little but it is He who “does things” in the Church, and prayer is what makes the Church progress. And therefore the heads of the Church, so to speak, the bishops, must persevere in prayer.

Peter’s word in this case is prophetic: “May the deacons do all this, so that the people are taken care of well, their problems are solved and their needs met. But to us, bishops, prayer and the proclamation of the Word”.

It is sad to see good bishops, good people, but busy with many things, the finances, with this, that and the other… Prayer must take first place. Then the other things. But when the other things take away space from prayer, then something is not right. And prayer is strong because of what we have heard in the Gospel of Jesus. It is “because I am going to the Father. And I will do whatever you ask in my name, so that the Father may be glorified in the Son” (Jn 14:12-13). Thus the Church progresses in prayer, in the courage of prayer because the Church knows that without this ascent to the Father, she cannot survive.

[Pope Francis, St Marta homily 10 May 2020]

The Other Way in the ministerial Church

(Jn 14:1-6)

«Let not your hearts be troubled. Believe in God and believe in me» (v.1).

Jesus invites to Faith in Him because He was condemned as a sinner, deranged and cursed, by the very teachers of the things of God.

His proposal for a «Way» breaks away from the illusory plots of religion without Exodus.

Disciples must learn to experience physical separation from the Master. And by process of love, as on a road trodden on foot, in Him continue to reach sisters and brothers.

Now they know the Father’s descending «Way»: the Person of Christ is all that mankind needs for a life redeemed from the subordination, the fears, the lies of ancient religion.

The itinerary is not individualistic and isolated. Nor does Jesus return surrounded by ostentation and power, for He never ‘left’: in the Spirit, He never separated himself.

He is the motor and motive, the force of the concrete journey, the dynamic principle that accompanies, guides and surpasses; as well as the purpose [not external].

He manifests himself and lives in the inner Mystery within us, not at the end of time or in a location (v.5).

The Incarnation continues in unique, ever new ways, which are identified in personal paths and especially in the relationship of working Faith.

Under the image of the House [almost divided into spaces] the Lord alludes to the new condition of Life and complete Communion with the Father.

The popular figure of the afterlife was linked to a certain number of "places" in which the devoted people would be housed, accommodated.

In this archetypal configuration, the Faith of believers introduces a different kind of representation, which fulfils and exceeds the ancient promises - no longer anchored in the usual distinction between vices and virtues.

Women and men have a «place» (v.2) [task, mission] already ready and assured: there we will be with the Son who Comes.

In the House of the Father there are many places (v.2), that is - according to sensitivity, inclination and history - various ways to serve the brethren; to fulfil oneself, to weave community relationships, to expand the presence of the Risen One.

The conscious and ministerial Church broadens the horizon of holiness and the apostolate.

We are all called to become fully involved members, collaborators in the work of salvation. Protagonists in the activities of the People of God, valuing each one - this is the Victory of the Son.

And the Assembly that reflects Christ is the outgoing one. A Fraternity that is not self-congratulatory about its static goals, but is moving [precisely: «Way»].

On this journey, it learns and deepens in an uninterrupted, increasing, growing way, the language of gratuitousness Love that gives spontaneously, without intimate dissociations or artificial conflicts.

Thus, the Church itself, with its wide range of collaborators (of equal dignity) is not afraid to question itself. On the contrary, from Exodus to Exodus it experiences, concretises and deepens its knowledge of the Father. Almighty because He provides for his lesser sons.

«Truth» [of God]: He is «Faithful».

Precisely on this orientation, here we are introduced to the decisive discovery: it is the Father himself who dilates, strengthens inclinations, our existential bearing. To the point of recovering opposites.

God does not vampirize us, but rather expands existence, transmitting the fullness of being multifaceted; thus communicating his own «Life».

The end of God's invisibility.

[Friday 4th wk. in Easter, May 16, 2025]

(Jn 14:1-14)

The Other Way in the ministerial Church

(Jn 14:1-6)

Disciples must learn to experience physical separation from the Master.

And by a process of love, as on a road trodden on foot, in Him continue to reach the brethren. 

Now they know the descending Path of the Father: the Person of Christ is all that the whole of humanity needs for a life redeemed from the subordination, the fears, the lies of the old religion.

The way is not individualistic and isolated. Nor does Jesus return surrounded by ostentation and power, for he never left: in the Spirit he never separated.

He is the motor and motive, the force of the concrete path, the dynamic principle that accompanies, guides and surpasses; as well as the [non-external] goal.

He manifests Himself and lives in the intimate Mystery in us, not at the end of time or in a location (v.5).

The Incarnation continues in unique, ever new ways, which are identified in personal journeys and especially in the relationship of working Faith.

Under the image of the House (almost divided into spaces) the Lord alludes to the new condition of Life and complete Communion with the Father Faithful Love.

The popular figure of the afterlife was linked to a certain number of 'places' in which the fulfilling people would be accommodated.

In this archetypal configuration, the Faith of believers introduces a different kind of representation, which fulfils and exceeds the ancient promises - no longer anchored in the usual distinction between vices and virtues.

Women and men have a "place" (v.2) [task, mission] already ready and assured: there we will be with the Son who comes.

Recognising us in dignity, the Lord Himself will descend from heaven: He will even come down to meet us (cf. 1 Thess 4:15-17) - as if each of us had become an "alter Christus".

That is, as if we had been reshaped by the Father on the very image of Jesus, on a principle of original love - in the way we should have been and perhaps even could have been (excluding the spurious aspects, of unfaithfulness to the call to life).

Finally shining with the open Mystery, convivial in their differences and fully given. Like Him, enthusiastic lords-servants of freedom.

Exultant heralds of a universal centrality, but at the opposite end of the political or fundamentalist messianic expectations, who do not know and close themselves off, do not see or meet.

In the Father's House there are many places (v.2), i.e. - according to sensitivity, inclination and history - many ways to serve the brethren, to fulfil oneself, to weave community relationships and to expand the presence of the Risen One.

The conscious and ministerial Church broadens the horizon of holiness and apostolate.

We are all called to become fully involved members, co-workers in the work of salvation and protagonists in the activities of the People of God, valuing each one - this is the Victory of the Son.

The hands of the Living One in His Assemblies have wounds of love, not claws like those of the leaders of ancient religiosity.

His-our works are of a different quality: they do not grab, they do not hold back, they do not smack, they do not chastise; they do not just serve to set up catwalks and theatrics.

They tread the alternative path of work, of building and welcoming; truly special, because unknown, disinterested and without limelight.

Hands marked by what one desires for the world: open, not clenched into a fist - if anything, with that gentle squeeze that says: "I am with You" - so that others too may feel caressed and be helped to trace the path that corresponds to them.

The Way that makes the weak strong.

"Let not your hearts be troubled. Believe in God and believe in me" (v.1).

Jesus invites faith in Him because He was condemned as a sinner, deranged and cursed, by the very masters of the things of God.

His proposed path breaks away from the illusory plots of religion without Exodus.

Instead of doctrine and discipline, the Way expands our horizon (tearing from the cages that seize and hold hostage) to conquer the land of Freedom.

He is Truth. We know what happens to news when it passes from mouth to mouth: it becomes defaced.

Out of ignorance and self-interest, the most varied agencies of conscience manipulation (able to turn the meaning of the Gospel and the story of Christ upside down - not without gain) still tread the scene.

But united with the True Person - intertwined with his story - we encounter ourselves, we know divine Fidelity, we choose substance instead of the surface that plagues us with conventional, conformist or volatile ideas (we would become totally external).

"I am Life". The Father dilates and enhances inclinations, our existential bearing; to the point of recovering opposites.

It does not vampire us as if He were the one in need of something.

He is totality of Being and Source in action, the source of particular essences.

In religions, woman and man are depersonalised, because they live as a function of God.His Calling is instead a Seed, a Root that characterises our profound identity and expands the pulse of life, making it singular, more distinguished; unique, unrepeatable, meaningful and relational.

The Father does not make the usual moralistic appeal to elevate us, detaching us from others - perhaps by adopting devotional models configured on the mysticism of suffering, at the risk of ruining the load-bearing lines of our personality.

He does not force His children to obey (as if we were servants or sheep) but calls us to resemble Him, trusting in our inner resources - as if in germ we were already perfect and capable of producing any development.

So it is He who comes - but not with a dirigiste or paternalistic attitude - and respectfully knocks to merge with us; because He already considers us better, not inadequate and deficient.

It allows us to say: 'I' and meet ourselves - and on this solid platform build the living community, in the exchange of resources and dreams; in listening to eccentricities (which are also ours).

When we are able to transmute again, accepting its proposal, starting from our innate resources to push down others, we expand our orientation - and become more open to the providential Newness in real life - ready for any direction.

By allowing ourselves to be saved, by letting the intuitions of his Spirit flow through us, we will be People capable of thought, convinced, well-rounded; not shrunken or contraband.

In short: called to express ourselves personally and give our contribution, unprecedented and equally dignified, to build an alternative society capable of creating wellbeing: smiles and amazement bursting out, rejoicing everyone.

The end of God's invisibility.

Mysticism of the convincing Force

(Jn 14:7-14)

"Let us see the Father" is the plea - often anonymous - that has accompanied the People of believers from the beginning, who reveal their Lord as Way, Truth and Life (v.6).

Love cannot be learnt except over time, by treading many paths and risking oneself: it follows the path of man and the Exodus. The Church that reflects Christ is the outgoing one, which does not become complacent about its achievements, but moves (Way).

The assembly of the sons is not afraid to make itself impure by frequenting the cultural and existential peripheries, because it has understood the authentic face of God: Faithful (Truth, in the theological sense) that is not afraid to mingle with earthly affairs: it does not flee the critical scrutiny; nor does it abandon those who stray, do not bear obligations, or find themselves in penury.

The authentic community is that of Life: it shows Father and Son in action. In the Spirit, it reclaims each person's itinerary and restores completeness and fullness of being without boundaries even to those who have lost hope or self-esteem (often despised by those who have nothing superior).

Difference with ancient religion? The Eternal is no longer revealed in the astonishing power of clamorous outward manifestations: fire, earthquake, thunder and lightning.

In the fraternities of Faith where the Person ("Name": vv.13-14) of Christ is made present in his troubled and real vicissitude, God dreams an immediate reflection of ideas, words, works, and mutual immanence.

The Father's efficacious event is all in the flesh of the Son. Their Dream, in the human dimension of believers.

Jn frequently emphasises the relationship of Jesus with the Father: a kind of direct vision, which brings about union and mission.

The Way-for, the Truth-Faithfulness-Notwithstanding-all of the Most High, his Life of indestructible quality... are not only future realities: personal and communal experience of Faith realises them.

We too want to see God, and it is possible... but not face to face in the way we perceive things and people (v.8).

The contemplation of his Face and Presence to be known and believed comes to man through his Word-event: Jesus himself, through whom we have perfect knowledge.

His mission in the world has made his own the uncreated plan of love, which wants to spread life - not in the hard and pure (who are even familiar with how to escape the scrutiny of the Gospels) but in the poor who do not know where and to whom to cling.

Consequently, the divine vision grows to the extent that one deepens one's knowledge of the Son and his founding relationship.

The fourth Gospel expresses a formula of mutual immanence (vv.9-11) that says the same feeling speak operate, for our benefit.

Faith is ultimately an action ... believing the Father in the Son and the Son in the Father. Salvation of the little flock (in constant renewal and crisis)... not process of election and predestination.

So our belief-love in Christ brings us closer to God, and when the Father places himself in the believer, he does not detach himself, adjusting himself to the perfections, but works in the first person through him (as he worked through Jesus).Signs and gestures - even of reversal - that become intimately personal and ecclesial.

Works unfolded in history, even greater ("greater": v.12) than their Seed planted in our mud, that is, those of a poor, landless carpenter's son, a village preacher, pressed and humiliated by the authorities - in whom we recognise ourselves and who offers access, but not out of old-fashioned privilege.

Even in our irreverent flesh, in the paradox and inter-communion of the little remnant of the saved, here is the strange Fulfillment of the broken paths - by the Word of the Father, in the Spirit.

Manifestation of the relational Mystery of his Being, which in the faithful Gift of his reaffirmed Covenant recovers the opposing faces and redeems the shadow sides. By force of conviction.

To internalise and live the message:

How do you glimpse God's plan for you through the face of the Son? How do you sense that you have accepted His communion in the "Name", and reached out to the Father? How do you adhere to the Call? How do you enter into divine familiarity? What is your close correlation with the Son, who manifests the Father?

The Gospel [...] proposes a twofold commandment of faith: to believe in God and to believe in Jesus. In fact, the Lord said to his disciples: “Believe in God, believe also in me” (Jn 14:1). They are not two separate acts but one single act of faith, full adherence to salvation wrought by God the Father through his Only-begotten Son.

The New Testament puts an end to the Father's invisibility. God has shown his face, as Jesus’ answer to the Apostle Philip confirms: “He who has seen me has seen the Father” (Jn 14:9). With his Incarnation, death and Resurrection, the Son of God has freed us from the slavery of sin to give us the freedom of the children of God and he has shown us the face of God, which is love: God can be seen, he is visible in Christ.

St Teresa of Avila wrote: “the last thing we should do is to withdraw from our greatest good and blessing, which is the most sacred humanity of Our Lord Jesus Christ” (cf. The Interior Castle, 6, ch. 7). Therefore, only by believing in Christ, by remaining united to him, may the disciples, among whom we too are, continue their permanent action in history: “Truly, truly, I say to you,” says the Lord, “he who believes in me will also do the works that I do” (Jn 14:12).

Faith in Jesus entails following him daily, in the simple actions that make up our day. “It is part of the mystery of God that he acts so gently, that he only gradually builds up his history within the great history of mankind; that he becomes man and so can be overlooked by his contemporaries and by the decisive forces within history; that he suffers and dies and that, having risen again, he chooses to come to mankind only through the faith of the disciples to whom he reveals himself; that he continues to knock gently at the doors of our hearts and slowly opens our eyes if we open our doors to him” (Jesus of Nazareth II, 2011, p. 276).

St Augustine says that “it was necessary for Jesus to say: ‘I am the way, the truth, and the life’ (Jn 14:6) because once the way was known, the end remained to be known” (cf. In Evangelium Iohannis Tractatus, 69, 2: CCL 36, 500), and the end is the Father. For Christians, for each one of us, hence, the way to the Father is to allow ourselves to be guided by Jesus, by his word of truth, and to receive the gift of his life. Let us make St Bonaventure’s invitation our own: “Open, therefore, your eyes, lend your spiritual ear, open your lips and dispose your heart, so that you will be able to see, hear, praise, love, venerate, glorify, honour your God in all creatures” (Itinerarium mentis in Deum, i, 15).

Dear friends, the commitment to proclaim Jesus Christ, “the way, the truth, and the life” (Jn 14:6), is the main task of the Church. Let us invoke the Virgin Mary that she may always assist the Pastors and those in the different ministries to proclaim the Good News of salvation, that the Word of God may be spread and the number of disciples multiplied (cf. Acts 6:7).

[Pope Benedict, Regina Coeli 22 May 2011]

The Pope notes that "the market economy seems to have conquered virtually the whole world" and emphasises that the Church looks to the Academy "for ideas that will make possible a better discernment of the ethical issues involved in globalisation". He adds that it is necessary "to avoid reducing all social relationships to economic factors" and this means that globalisation must "be at the service of solidarity and the common good". There is a danger that the cultural deconstruction brought about by globalisation may have detrimental effects on human communities and that biomedical discoveries will not be sufficiently controlled. An ethical approach to globalisation is therefore called for, one that recognises 'the inalienable value of the human person' and 'the value of human cultures'.

Ladies and Gentlemen of the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences,

Ladies and Gentlemen of the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences,

1. Your President has just expressed your pleasure at being here in the Vatican to address a subject of concern to both the social sciences and the Magisterium of the Church. I thank you, Professor Malinvaud, for your kind words, and I thank all of you for the help you are generously giving the Church in your fields of competence. For the Seventh Plenary Session of the Academy you have decided to discuss in greater depth the theme of globalization, with particular attention to its ethical implications.

Since the collapse of the collectivist system in Central and Eastern Europe, with its subsequent important effects on the Third World, humanity has entered a new phase in which the market economy seems to have conquered virtually the entire world. This has brought with it not only a growing interdependence of economies and social systems, but also a spread of novel philosophical and ethical ideas based on the new working and living conditions now being introduced in almost every part of the world. The Church carefully examines these new facts in the light of the principles of her social teaching. In order to do this, she needs to deepen her objective knowledge of these emerging phenomena. That is why the Church looks to your work for the insights which will make possible a better discernment of the ethical issues involved in the globalization process.

2. The globalization of commerce is a complex and rapidly evolving phenomenon. Its prime characteristic is the increasing elimination of barriers to the movement of people, capital and goods. It enshrines a kind of triumph of the market and its logic, which in turn is bringing rapid changes in social systems and cultures. Many people, especially the disadvantaged, experience this as something that has been forced upon them, rather than as a process in which they can actively participate.

In my Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus, I noted that the market economy is a way of adequately responding to people’s economic needs while respecting their free initiative, but that it had to be controlled by the community, the social body with its common good (cf. Nos. 34, 58). Now that commerce and communications are no longer bound by borders, it is the universal common good which demands that control mechanisms should accompany the inherent logic of the market. This is essential in order to avoid reducing all social relations to economic factors, and in order to protect those caught in new forms of exclusion or marginalization.

Globalization, a priori, is neither good nor bad. It will be what people make of it. No system is an end in itself, and it is necessary to insist that globalization, like any other system, must be at the service of the human person; it must serve solidarity and the common good.

3. One of the Church’s concerns about globalization is that it has quickly become a cultural phenomenon. The market as an exchange mechanism has become the medium of a new culture. Many observers have noted the intrusive, even invasive, character of the logic of the market, which reduces more and more the area available to the human community for voluntary and public action at every level. The market imposes its way of thinking and acting, and stamps its scale of values upon behaviour. Those who are subjected to it often see globalization as a destructive flood threatening the social norms which had protected them and the cultural points of reference which had given them direction in life.

What is happening is that changes in technology and work relationships are moving too quickly for cultures to respond. Social, legal and cultural safeguards – the result of people’s efforts to defend the common good – are vitally necessary if individuals and intermediary groups are to maintain their centrality. But globalization often risks destroying these carefully built up structures, by exacting the adoption of new styles of working, living and organizing communities. Likewise, at another level, the use made of discoveries in the biomedical field tend to catch legislators unprepared. Research itself is often financed by private groups and its results are commercialized even before the process of social control has had a chance to respond. Here we face a Promethean increase of power over human nature, to the point that the human genetic code itself is measured in terms of costs and benefits. All societies recognize the need to control these developments and to make sure that new practices respect fundamental human values and the common good.

4. The affirmation of the priority of ethics corresponds to an essential requirement of the human person and the human community. But not all forms of ethics are worthy of the name. We are seeing the emergence of patterns of ethical thinking which are by-products of globalization itself and which bear the stamp of utilitarianism. But ethical values cannot be dictated by technological innovations, engineering or efficiency; they are grounded in the very nature of the human person. Ethics cannot be the justification or legitimation of a system, but rather the safeguard of all that is human in any system. Ethics demands that systems be attuned to the needs of man, and not that man be sacrificed for the sake of the system. One evident consequence of this is that the ethics committees now usual in almost every field should be completely independent of financial interests, ideologies and partisan political views.

The Church on her part continues to affirm that ethical discernment in the context of globalization must be based upon two inseparable principles:

– First, the inalienable value of the human person, source of all human rights and every social order. The human being must always be an end and not a means, a subject and not an object, nor a commodity of trade.

– Second, the value of human cultures, which no external power has the right to downplay and still less to destroy. Globalization must not be a new version of colonialism. It must respect the diversity of cultures which, within the universal harmony of peoples, are life’s interpretive keys. In particular, it must not deprive the poor of what remains most precious to them, including their religious beliefs and practices, since genuine religious convictions are the clearest manifestation of human freedom.

As humanity embarks upon the process of globalization, it can no longer do without a common code of ethics. This does not mean a single dominant socio-economic system or culture which would impose its values and its criteria on ethical reasoning. It is within man as such, within universal humanity sprung from the Creator’s hand, that the norms of social life are to be sought. Such a search is indispensable if globalization is not to be just another name for the absolute relativization of values and the homogenization of life-styles and cultures. In all the variety of cultural forms, universal human values exist and they must be brought out and emphasized as the guiding force of all development and progress.

5. The Church will continue to work with all people of good will to ensure that the winner in this process will be humanity as a whole, and not just a wealthy elite that controls science, technology, communication and the planet’s resources to the detriment of the vast majority of its people. The Church earnestly hopes that all the creative elements in society will cooperate to promote a globalization which will be at the service of the whole person and of all people.

With these thoughts, I encourage you to continue to seek an ever deeper insight into the reality of globalization, and as a pledge of my spiritual closeness I cordially invoke upon you the blessings of Almighty God.

[Pope John Paul II, Address to the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences on "Globalisation: Ethical and Institutional Implications" 27 April 2001]

Faith is neither an alienation nor a scam, but is a concrete path of beauty and truth, traced out by Jesus, to prepare our eyes to gaze without spectacles upon "the marvellous face of God" in the definitive place that is prepared for each one. It is an invitation not to be taken in by fear and to live life as a preparation to see better, listen better and love more [...].

Pope Francis focused his homily on the Gospel passage from St John (14:1-6): "Let not your heart be troubled. Have faith in God and have faith also in me. In my Father's house there are many mansions. If not, would I ever have said to you, "I will go and prepare a place for you"? When I have gone and prepared a place for you, I will come again and take you with me, that where I am you may be also. And of the place where I go, you know the way'.

"These words of Jesus," the Pontiff commented, "are really beautiful words. In a moment of farewell, Jesus speaks to his disciples right from the heart. He knows that his disciples are sad, because they realise that it is not going well". Here, then, that Jesus encourages them, reassures them, offers them a horizon of hope: "Let not your heart be troubled! And he begins to speak like this, like a friend, even with the attitude of a shepherd. I say: the music of these words of Jesus is the attitude of the shepherd, as the shepherd does with his sheep. "Let not your heart be troubled. Have faith in God and have faith also in me'".

Saying these words, according to the Gospel narrative of St John, Jesus - said the Pope - "begins to speak: of what? Of heaven, of the ultimate homeland. 'Have faith also in me: I remain faithful' is as if he were saying this". And using the metaphor, "the figure of the engineer, of the architect tells them what he is going to do: 'I am going to prepare a place for you, in my Father's house there are many mansions'. And Jesus goes to prepare a place for us'.

"How is it," Pope Francis wondered, "this preparation? How does it happen? What is that place like? What does it mean to prepare a place? To rent a room up there?". Preparing the place means "preparing our possibility to enjoy, our possibility to see, to feel, to understand the beauty of what awaits us, of that homeland towards which we are walking".

"And the whole Christian life," the Pontiff continued, "is a work of Jesus, of the Holy Spirit to prepare a place for us, to prepare our eyes to be able to see. "But, Father, I see well! I don't need glasses!". But that is another vision. Think of those who are cataract sufferers and have to have cataract surgery: they see, but what do they say after the operation? "Never did I think that we could see like this, without glasses, so well!" Our eyes, the eyes of our soul need, need to be prepared to look at that wonderful face of Jesus". It is a matter, then, of 'preparing the hearing to be able to hear beautiful things, beautiful words. And mainly prepare the heart: prepare the heart to love, to love more'.

'In the journey of life,' the Pontiff explained, 'the Lord always does this: with trials, with consolations, with tribulations, with good things. The whole journey of life is a journey of preparation. Sometimes the Lord has to do it quickly, as he did with the good thief: he only had a few minutes to prepare him and he did it. But the normality of life is to go like this: let us prepare the heart, the eyes, the hearing to arrive at this homeland. Because that is our homeland".

Pope Francis warned against losing sight of this fundamental dimension of our life and the journey of faith, and of the objections of those who do not recognise a perspective of eternity: '"But, Father, I went to a philosopher and he told me that all these thoughts are an alienation, that we are alienated, that life is this, the concrete, and beyond that we do not know what it is...". Some people think so. But Jesus tells us that this is not the case and says: 'Have faith also in me. What I say to you is the truth: I do not cheat you, I do not deceive you'. We are on our way to the homeland, we children of Abraham's seed, as St Paul says in the first reading' (Acts of the Apostles 13: 26-33).

"And since the time of Abraham," said the Pope, "we have been on a journey, with that promise of the definitive homeland. If we go and read chapter eleven of the letter to the Hebrews we will find that beautiful figure of our ancestors, our fathers, who made this journey to the homeland and greeted it from afar. To prepare for heaven is to begin to greet it from afar". And "this is not alienation: this is truth, this is letting Jesus prepare our heart, our eyes for that great beauty. It is the path of beauty. It is also the path of the return to the homeland'.The Pope concluded his homily by hoping "that the Lord will give us this strong hope" and "also give us the courage to greet the homeland from afar". And finally, "give us the humility to allow ourselves to be prepared, that is, to let the Lord prepare the dwelling, the definitive dwelling, in our heart, in our eyes and in our hearing".

[Pope Francis, S. Marta homily in L'Osservatore Romano 26 April 2013] [cf. https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/cotidie/2013/documents/papa-francesco-cotidie_20130425_magnanimity-humility.html]

4th Easter Sunday, Good Shepherd Sunday [11 May 2025]

God bless us and may the Virgin protect us! We are in a decisive week for the Church, and the biblical texts of this Sunday help us to better understand the mission of the new pontiff, successor of Peter, who is called to firmly maintain the trust of the Christian people in Jesus the true Shepherd who knows and loves all his sheep. Yes, we are his and we belong to him. The disciples of Jesus, throughout history, really need to rest on the certainty that no one can snatch them from the hand of the Father!

*First Reading from the Acts of the Apostles (13, 14.43-52)  

We are in the synagogue of Antioch of Pisidia (in the heart of Asia Minor, today western Turkey) on a Saturday for the celebration of Shabbat. There are many people there with some differences: there are Jews by birth, some proselytes, that is, people who are not Jewish but have converted to the Jewish religion whom Luke calls "converts to Judaism" and pagans called "God-fearers" because having been attracted to the Jewish religion they go to the synagogue on the Sabbath for Shabbat, but even though they know the Jewish Scriptures they do not accept circumcision and all the Jewish practices. When Paul arrived in the city he went to the synagogue and first of all wanted to speak to his Jewish brothers about Jesus of Nazareth. The apostles were all Jews who recognised Christ as the Messiah and tried to convince other Jews to convert to Christ. Paul, preaching in the synagogues, thought that when all the Jewish people are converted, the conversion of the Gentiles will take place, since God's plan foresaw two stages: the choice of the chosen people to whom he revealed himself (this is the election of Israel) and the chosen people are entrusted with the task of proclaiming salvation to the Gentiles.  Of this "logic of election" of God's plan, the prophet Isaiah writes: "I have established you as the light of the nations, that my salvation may reach the ends of the earth" (Is 49:6) and, again in this logic, Jesus also told the apostles at the beginning: "Do not go among the Gentiles... go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel" (Mt 10:5). From the first Saturday, Paul and Barnabas therefore go to the synagogue where they receive a favourable reception that gives them hope that some will become Christians. The following Saturday they return to the synagogue and many people go to hear them. This success of theirs, however, begins to annoy the Jews who "when they saw that crowd, they were filled with jealousy and with insulting words opposed Paul's statements". Luke calls "Jews" those Jews who categorically refuse to recognise Jesus as the Messiah. On the contrary, the pagans (i.e. the God-fearing) seem more favourable as he notes immediately afterwards: 'The pagans rejoiced and glorified the word of the Lord, and all who were destined for eternal life believed'.  In Antioch of Pisidia Paul decides to change his plans: if only a few Jews accept, and the hope of converting the entire Jewish people to Christ must be abandoned for the time being, the rejection of the majority of the Jews must not, however, delay the proclamation of the Messiah to the Gentiles. In this regard, he knew well that it will be the "little Remnant", of whom Isaiah speaks at length (cf. chapters 1- 12 of the book of the prophet Isaiah), who will save Israel and all mankind. Paul understands that the little Remnant formed by Paul and Barnabas with all those who want to follow them, must take on the vocation of apostles of Israel and the pagan nations and says: "It was necessary that the word of God be proclaimed to you first, but since you reject it and do not judge yourselves worthy of eternal life, behold, we turn to the Gentiles" and from that moment they direct their missionary energy first of all to the "God-fearing" and then to the Gentiles. As is clear, here in Antioch of Pisidia there was a decisive turning point in the lives of the early Christians.

*Responsorial Psalm (99 (100) 1-3.5) 

This psalm was composed specifically to accompany a thanksgiving sacrifice and is called the 'psalm for todah' (in Hebrew, 'thanks' is said todah).

Already from the first verses, it is clear that it is meant to accompany a celebration in the Temple: 'Hail... serve... present yourselves to him with exultation'. Just as a hymn book can often be found at the entrance to churches, so the book of Psalms is the Jerusalem Temple's book of canticles suitable for various types of celebrations. This psalm was composed for a thanksgiving sacrifice and, in Israel, when thanks are given, it is always for the covenant. A very short psalm, each line evokes the entire history and faith of Israel and almost every word recalls the Covenant. After all, the heart of the tradition, faith and prayer of this people, the memory that is transmitted from generation to generation is this common faith: election, deliverance, the Covenant. After all, the whole Bible is here. Let us examine a few words: 'Acclaim', the word used indicates a special acclamation reserved for the new king on the day of his coronation and therefore means that the true king is God himself. "Acclaim the Lord": in the Hebrew text, the word Lord is expressed with the four letters YHWH (the Tetragrammaton), which we do not even know how to pronounce or translate because God is beyond our comprehension, and God revealed Himself by this name during the burning bush to Moses (Ex 3). Moses discovered on that occasion the greatness of God, the Totally Other. At the same time Moses receives the revelation of God's total closeness: 'I have seen, yes, I have seen the misery of my people... I have heard their cry... I know their sufferings'. "All the earth": anticipating a future event, Israel already glimpses the day when all mankind will come to acclaim its Lord. Indeed, in the psalms we always find the two themes linked: the election of Israel and the universalism of divine salvation. "Recognise that the Lord alone is God": here is Israel's profession of faith: Shema Israel: "Hear, O Israel: the Lord is our God, the Lord is One". "Serve the Lord in joy": in Israel's memory, the Egypt of slavery will be called the "house of bondage". Henceforth, the chosen people will learn 'service' as the choice of free men, and hence the exodus can be said to have been for the Jewish people the transition 'from slavery to service'. "He has made us and we are his": this formula is not a reference to the creation, but to the liberation from Egypt: the people do not forget that they were slaves in Egypt and that God made them free, from fugitives he made the Jews a people. Throughout the Sinai crossing Israel learnt to live in the Covenant proposed by God and the expression "He has made us and we are His" became a customary Covenant formula. The first article of Israel's 'Creed' is not I believe in God the Creator, but I believe in God the Deliverer. 

NOTE: The Bible was not written in the order in which we read it: it did not begin by recounting the creation, then the events of the life of the chosen people, as in a report. Reflection on creation only came much later. Having experienced God as the liberator, Israel realised that this work of liberation has been going on since the creation of the world, and the reflection on creation stems from faith in a liberating God. The ancient formula 'We, his people' typical of the Jewish faith is a reminder of the Covenant, because God, in proposing the Covenant, had promised: 'You shall be my people and I will be your God'.  The expression then "We, his people and the flock of his people" is typical of Israel where the flock was the wealth of the owner, his boast, but also the object of his solicitude and care, and it was for the needs of the flock that the nomadic shepherd would move his tent in the desert, following the clumps of grass for the animals' nourishment. In the same way God moved with his people as they walked in the Sinai desert. Finally "His love is forever" is a refrain of the Covenant that we know well because it recurs in other psalms and here it is joined to the following verse with another traditional formula: "His faithfulness from generation to generation": "love and faithfulness" is one of the few ways to speak of God without betraying him

*Second Reading, from the book of Revelation of St John the Apostle (7:9 -17)  

 The reference to the "immense multitude that no one could count" recalls God's promise to Abraham of an innumerable descendants: "I will make your descendants as numerous as the dust of the earth: if one could count the grains of dust, one could count your descendants!"(Gen 13:16); and a little further on: "Look at the sky and count the stars, if you can...so shall your descendants be!" (Gen 15:5); and again: "I will make your descendants as numerous as the stars in the sky and as the sand on the seashore" (Gen 22:17). Revelation, the last book of the Bible, makes us contemplate God's project realised: a multitude composed of all nations, races, peoples and languages, four terms to indicate the whole of humanity, as Isaiah had announced: "All the ends of the earth have seen the salvation of our God" (Is 52:10). The salvation of which Isaiah speaks is the elimination of all hunger, thirst, and tears, and in chapter 49 we read verbatim: "They shall hunger and thirst no more; the fierce wind and the sun shall smite them no more. He who has compassion on them will guide them and lead them to springs of water" (Is 49:10). And, above all, salvation is the presence of the One who is at the root of true happiness: "full of compassion", says Isaiah and John translates here: "He who sits on the throne will spread his tent over them". When he uses this expression, his readers know what he is referring to: the Jewish people have always aspired to this - that God would 'pitch his tent' in their midst, that is, that God would dwell permanently in their midst: it is the mystery of closeness, of intimacy, of permanent divine presence. In this regard, we note that John in the gospel used the same terms for Christ: "The Word became flesh and dwelt among us" (Jn 1:14). In the Jewish people, some already had the honour of living, in a certain way, an anticipation of this intimacy: they were the priests, who served God day and night in the Temple of Jerusalem, a visible sign of God's presence. Here the sacred author glimpses the day when all mankind will be introduced into intimacy with God: 'I saw an immense multitude, which no one could count...all stand before the throne of God and serve him day and night in his temple'. To describe this immense multitude he uses images from the Jewish liturgy and the Christian liturgy: all this enriches the text while making it complex. When referring to the Jewish liturgy, John alludes to the feast of the Tents or Tents (Sukkot), a feast that is a remembrance of the past and an anticipation of the future promised by God. It recalls the time spent in the desert when one discovered the Covenant proposed by the neighbouring God and lived for eight days in specially built huts. At the same time, the eight days heralded God's promised future, the new creation (as the figure eight reminds us each time, a foretaste of the triumph of the Messiah and with him the fulfilment of God's plan consisting of happiness for all). Among the rituals of the Feast of Tents, John recalls the palms carried in processions around the altar of sacrifices in the Temple of Jerusalem. In fact, in such processions each person waved a bunch (the lulav) composed of various branches, including a palm tree (lulav), a sprig of myrtle (Hadas), a sprig of willow (Aravah) along with a citron (Etrog) lemon-like fruit while chanting "Hosanna", which means both "God gives salvation" and "we pray thee, Lord, give us salvation". Let us read the text of Revelation uncut: "I saw: behold, an immense multitude, which no one could count... they stood before the throne and before the Lamb, clothed in white robes and with palms in their hands. And they cried with a loud voice: "Salvation belongs to our God who sits on the throne and to the Lamb!"  Another rite of the Feast of Tanah was the rite of the "Water Libation" (Nisuakh haMayim), the procession to the pool of Siloe on the eighth and last day of the feast, carrying water in procession to sprinkle the altar, a rite of purification prefiguring the final purification promised by God through the prophets, especially Zechariah: "On that day, living waters shall go out from Jerusalem, half to the eastern sea and half to the western sea" (Zech 14:8). It was precisely during a Feast of Tabernacles, on the eighth day, that Jesus said (and it is again St John who reports this): "If anyone thirsts, let him come to me, and drink who believes in me. As the Scripture says, out of his heart shall flow rivers of living water" (John 7:37). Here, in echo, John predicts: "The Lamb who stands in the midst of the throne will be their shepherd and will lead them to the springs of the waters of life". From the Christian liturgy, St John has taken the white robe of the baptised and the blood of the Lamb, the sign of the life given, to tell us that all that the Feast of Tents symbolically announced is now fulfilled. In Jesus Christ the expectation of God's people for a definitive purification, a new Covenant, God's perfect presence with us, is fulfilled. Through Baptism and the Eucharist, humanity participates in the life of the Risen One and thus enters into God's intimacy for good.

NOTE: In the immense multitude (v. 9) tradition identifies the Church even though at the end of the first century Christians were not many. However, there is a possible different interpretation: in the preceding verses (v. 3-8), John describes a first crowd ("the servants of our God" whose "forehead is marked with the seal") and it is believed to be the baptised, i.e. the Church. The immense crowd clothed in white robes (the wedding garment) would then be the multitude of the saved, in the line of the Servant theology (cf. the four hymns of the second book of Isaiah), with which the Johannine writings, and not only them, are all imbued. Therefore the immense crowd (vv9 ff.) would be the "multitude" justified by the Servant: "The righteous, my servant, will justify the multitudes" (Is 53:11). Confronted then with persecution, Christians found here a reason to resist because they knew that their sacrifice was a seed of salvation for the multitude.*From the Gospel according to John (10:27-30)

Right after the text proposed to us in this Sunday's liturgy, St John writes: "The Jews again picked up stones to stone him" (v.31). Why did they react so strongly and what had Jesus said that was so extraordinary? In reality, he did not take the initiative but merely answered a question.The evangelist narrates that he was in the Temple in Jerusalem, under the portico called 'Solomon's Portico', and the Jews, in order to corner him, asked him: 'How long will you keep us in uncertainty? If you are the Christ, tell us openly' (v24). In short, we are faced with a kind of ultimatum, such as: Are you the Christ (i.e. the Messiah) or not, say it clearly once and for all. Instead of answering "yes, I am the Messiah", Jesus speaks of "his" sheep, but it is the same thing because the people of Israel willingly compared themselves to a flock: "We are God's people, the flock he leads", this expression recurs often in the psalms, in particular, in this Sunday's psalm: "He has made us and we are his, his people and the flock of his pasture"; a flock often mistreated, neglected, or misguided by the successive kings on David's throne. It was known, however, that the Messiah would be an attentive shepherd, so Jesus truly presents himself as the Messiah. His interlocutors understood this very well and Jesus takes them much further because when speaking of "his" sheep he dares to say: "I give them eternal life and they will not be lost for ever and no one will snatch them out of my hand" (v. 28). But who can ever give eternal life? The expression 'to be in the hand of God' was customary in the Old Testament as we find for example in Jeremiah: 'As clay is in the hand of the potter, so you are in my hand, house of Israel!" (Jer 18:16), or in the book of Qoheleth (Ecclesiastes): "The righteous, the wise, and their deeds are in the hand of God" (Qo 9:1), and also in Deuteronomy: "I make dead and alive, I wound and I heal, and no one can deliver from my hand" (Deut 32:39), and a little further on: "All the saints are in your hand" (Deut 33:3). Jesus refers to all this and adds: "No one can snatch them out of the hand of the Father" (v.29), equating "my hand" and "the hand of the Father". And he does not stop there because he says: "I and the Father are one" (v.30) which is to say: "yes, I am the Christ, that is, the Messiah" making himself equal to God, himself God. For his interlocutors, this was unacceptable because they expected a Messiah who was a man but could not imagine that he could be God: faith in the one God was so strongly affirmed in Israel that it was practically impossible for fervent Jews to believe in the divinity of Jesus. Professing daily the Jewish faith: 'Shema Israel', 'Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God is the one Lord', they could not tolerate hearing Jesus say: 'I and the Father are one'. This explains why the fiercest opposition to Jesus came from the religious leaders. The reaction was immediate and as they prepared to stone him, they accused him of blaspheming by making himself God. Once again, Jesus came up against the incomprehension of those who had been waiting for the Messiah with greater fervour and this is a constant reflection in John: "He came among his own, and his own did not receive him". The whole mystery of Christ is contained in this, and also, in filigree, his trial. And yet, all is not lost; Jesus faced misunderstanding, even hatred, he was persecuted, eliminated, but some believed in him; John himself says this in the Prologue of his gospel: "He came among his own, and his own did not receive him... but to those who received him, to those who believed in his name, he gave power to become children of God" (John 1:11-12). And we know well that it is thanks to these that the revelation has continued to spread. From that little Remnant was born the people of believers: "My sheep hear my voice; I know them, and they follow me. I give them eternal life'. In spite of the opposition that Jesus encounters here, in spite of the already foreseeable tragic outcome, there is undoubtedly in these words a language of victory: "No one will snatch them out of my hand"... "No one can snatch them out of the hand of the Father": one perceives here an echo of another phrase of Jesus reported by the same evangelist: "Have courage, I have overcome the world" (Jn 16:33). Jesus' disciples, throughout history, really need to rest on the certainty that no one can snatch them from the hand of the Father.

+Giovanni D'Ercole